Cameroon, country lying at the junction of western and central africa. This section holds a short summary of the history of the area of presentday cameroon, illustrated with maps, including historical maps of former countries and empires that included presentday cameroon. The research problem is an analysis of the political evolution of cameroon from a colony in 1884 to an independent state in 1961. The german protectorate commenced in 1884 with a treaty with local chiefs in the douala area, in particular ndumbe lobe bell, then gradually it was extended to the interior. Beginning on july 5, 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbours became a german colony, kamerun, with a capital first at buea and later at yaounde. History of namibia including german south west africa, south africa and south west africa, indpendence. This league of nations mandate gave france control over 80 per. Search the history of over 431 billion web pages on the internet. Nachtigal negotiated and signed treaties with the kings of douala, bimbia and batanga, thus declaring kamerun a german protectorate. By 200 bce, an influx of bantuspeaking tribes into the southern and eastern regions of the country had pushed the bakas off arable land and into the nearby forests. After world war i, this colony was partitioned between britain and france under a june 28, 1919, league of nations mandate.
In the same year, paul biya was the only candidate in the presidential election, officially. The area that is now cameroon had been a trading route with europeans since the 15th century. The explorer gustav nachtigal arrived in july 1884 to annex the douala coast. Cameroon has been d eclared guinea worm fre e since ea rly 2008 by the who who, 2009. German protectorate from 18841916, it was called kamerun but when the germans. In spite of the predominant role of the british along the coast, in 1884 the germans claimed the region as kamerun. This paper intends to revisit the history of the war in cameroon and rearticulate its impact in the country from the outbreak of the war in 1914 through the. Dec 12, 2017 all text, either derivative works from wikipedia articles or original content shared here, is licensed under. The documentary is divided into 3 parts that has been summarized down to about 8 minutes. Contributions to closing gaps in cameroon history, 19582009 bamenda, langaa research and publishing cig, 2010, p.
Culture of cameroon history, people, clothing, traditions. The complete cameroon mission history collection should also be helpful to those interested in seeing how three generations of missionaries from north america, their cameroonian colleagues, and others who helped, have made such a significant difference in the lives of millions of people in cameroon, a country called by some africa in. Cameroons history, from colonisation, annexation, german. This seventh edition of the cameroon economic update looks at the quality of basic edu. Baptist missionaries left after cameroon became a german colony in 1884.
A compilation of historical moments that mark the shaping of cameroon today. The berlin act outlining the conditions on the scramble and occupation of african territories was sign in a november 1884. The history of the first world war and its impact on cameroon has been written and rewritten by many eminent scholars both within and out of the country. History 2 0560 cameroon general certificate of education board.
Since the cameroonisation of the gce in 1977 and the advent of the gceb in 1993, both the structure and the course content of ordinary level and advanced level history has evolved significantly. He and his wife, chris woolwinemoen, produced thousands of awardwinning maps that are used all over the world and content that aids students, teachers, travelers and parents with their geography and map. Of these, the most widely known is sao, which arose in the vicinity of lake chad, probably in the 5th century ce. In the early 19th century there is considerable activity in cameroon by british and american missionaries, but a german connection begins only when the woermann company of hamburg builds a warehouse in 1868 on the estuary of the wouri river. Although british missionaries had been active in the area since 1845, the uk recognized the german protectorate, called kamerun, which included areas that were later. Featured texts all books all texts latest this just in smithsonian libraries fedlink us genealogy lincoln collection. Colonialism and the african experience chapter 4 introduction colonization of africa by european countries was a monumental milestone in the development of africa. Analysis cameroon has come a long way since 1884 when germany signed an annexation treaty with douala chiefs. On 21 february 1960, the new nation held a constitutional referendum. In 1911, france ceded parts of its territory to german cameroon, as a. The challenges of nationhood from partition to the republic of cameroon. Jan 31, 2020 beginning in 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbors became the german colony of kamerun, with a capital first at buea and later at yaounde.
Schistosomiasis a nd intestinal hel minthes affects abo ut 2 million people with 5 m illion at risk. His political party, cameroon peoples democratic movement cpdm party holds a huge majority in the government. All text, either derivative works from wikipedia articles or original content shared here, is licensed under. Beginning on july 5, 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbours. For insightful treatment of the colonial history of cameroon, read v. As britain expanded into the interior, two colonies were created the southern nigeria protectorate and the northern nigeria protectorate. In spite of the predominant role of the british along the coast, in 1884 the germans claimed the region. Britain had via the royal niger company administered the area around lagos since 1861 and the oil river protectorate calabar are the surrounding area since 1884.
The two allies divide togo and cameroon between them, administering the regions adjacent to their own colonies. Since the colonial era, the jurisdiction of local chiefs and councils has eroded. Tb a catalog record for this book is available from the british library. Brief history of cameroon the earliest inhabitants of cameroon were probably the bakas pygmies the early european presence in cameroon was primarily devoted to coastal trade and the acquisition of slaves beginning in 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbors became the german colony of. The germans were defeated by british and french forces in 1916, and the territory was divided between those nations in 1916. Beginning in 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbors became the german colony of kamerun, with a capital first at buea and later at yaounde. In may 2017, breitling became a part of cvc capital partners, and in july of that year, georges kern assumed the role of ceo. Posted on november 27, 2018 september 4, 2019 by t frank. Republic of cameroon status independent country since 1960 location central africa capital. In 1961 the southern part of the british territory joined the new federal republic of cameroon and the northern section voted for unification with nigeria. Within weeks of the start of the war military action begins on the borders.
Its ethnically diverse population is among the most urban in western africa. Portuguese explorers employed by a rich lisbon merchant, fernando gomez, were the first europeans to enter the coastal waters of cameroon. The root of the anglophone problem in cameroon may be traced back to 1961, when the political elites of two territories with different colonial legacies one french and the other british. Informal social control mechanisms include gossip, ostracism, and fear of occult, ancestral, or divine retribution for wrongdoings. Part one the state and sovereignty article one 1 the united republic of cameroon shall, with effect from the date of entry into force of this law, be known as republic of cameroon law no 841 of 4 february 1984.
Cameroons legacy of ethnic diversity dates back to 8,000 bce with the migration of the baka people into the countrys modernday borders. The germans moved inland over the years, extending their control and their claims. Cameroon is sometimes referred to as a true african crossroads not only because of its geographical position, but also because of the countrys great variety of ethnic groups and spoken languages. Christian churches and national integration in cameroon since. French cameroon later gained its independence from france on january 1, 1960 and. The form without an v, cameroon, was also loosely used, mainly as an adjective. Cameroon has a bilateral defense agreement with france. The transition to democracy in cameroon began in the late 1980s, when multiple candidates of the ruling cameroon peoples democratic movement rdpc were allowed to contest the municipal elections in late 1987 and the legislative poll in 1988.
From archaeological evidence it is known that humans have inhabited cameroon for at least 50,000 years, and there is strong evidence of the existence of important kingdoms and states in more recent times. According to amnesty international, alarm bells are ringing in congress over. History of cameroon global conscience initiative salus. Since 1990 more than 170 political parties have been legalized. The anglophone crisis in southwestern cameroon is getting worse, and outside observers are beginning to notice. After world war i and the german defeat, kamerun was split between the british and french in 1919. Historical dictionary of the republic of cameroon african historical. This is likely because of cameroon s high fertility rate of 4. Christian churches and national integration in cameroon since reunification. The german seizure of angra pequena in 1884 is one of the first incidents in the european scramble for africa. The political evolution of cameroon, 18841961 pdxscholar. Despite negative net migration, cameroon s population growth rate is 2.
Fifth edition 2004 printed in the united states of america typeface new aster 10. In 1884, cameroon became a german protectorate kamerun. Advanced level cameroon history since 1800 in searchworks catalog. More information cameroon, geography of cameroon, history of cameroon and politics of cameroon. Why did european nations scramble to annex cameroon.
After world war i, this colony was partitioned between britain and france under a. Initially, their major dealings were with african traders, but. History 0760 ict 0796 mathematics 0770 philosophy 0790. To this end cameroon can in many ways be considered a microcosm of the history of the african continent. The independent victoria church would affiliate with. After guinea, it was the second of frances colonies in subsaharan africa to become independent. The realization that cameroon had not been able to change the dependent nature of its economy, regardless of the economic progress made since independence.
In 1884 therefore, chancellor bismark, in search of a colonial empire for germany, sent dr. John moen is a cartographer who along with his wife are the orignal founders of. The capital is yaounde, located in the southcentral part of the country. Cameroon population 2020 demographics, maps, graphs. In addition, cameroon is the 24th largest country with a land area of 475,442 square kilometers 183,521 square miles. Anglophone crisis in cameroon was decades in the making. Prior to signing this famous germanoduala treaty of 12th july 1884, the duala kings had the german consul sign a pretreaty in which their rights were preserved. The varied nature of history textbooks in the teaching of. Beginning in 1884, all of presentday cameroon and parts of several of its neighbors became the. After the defeat of the germans in cameroon in 1916, britain and france were left to arrange the administration of this former german colony. Christian churches and national integration in cameroon. Why did european nations scramble to annex cameroon in the. Library of congress cataloging in publication data oliver, roland anthony africa since 1800 roland anthony oliver, anthony ernest atmore.
Since it is a publication relations work it puts a positive perspective on most things. Modern cameroon was created as the german protectorate of kamerun in 1884. Cameroon british cameroons 191661 and french cameroun. Cameroon presentation columbus international program. This independence is indeed largely theoretical since french advisers are. Cameroon under the french and the british mandates. Germany was particularly interested in cameroons agricultural potential and entrusted large firms with the task of exploiting and exporting it. Since 2001, biya has been at particular odds with the anglophone population in the west, where. Oct 22, 2018 1960 french cameroon granted independence and becomes the republic of cameroon with ahidjo as president. In the early 19th century there is considerable activity in cameroon by british and american missionaries, but a german.
In 1884 the germans extended the word kamerun to their entire protectorate, which largely corresponded to the present state. England had already established several treaties with the douala chiefs in the 1870s, but had not. France improved cameroons economy, which it called cameroun, and made infrastructure improvements. Ngoh, history of cameroon since 1800, limbe, presbook, 1996. Little did they know that none of these clauses will be respected by the german party afterwards. Cameroon 18001990 subtitled directed by akumbom valery. The modern history of cameroon began in 1884, when the territory came under german rule after the explorer gustav nachtigal negotiated protectorate treaties with the local chiefs. The country is sparsely populated, however, with merely 40 people per square kilometer 103square mile, which ranks 167th in the world for population density. Germany a late entrant into the european scramble for colonial possessions in africa claimed cameroon as a german protectorate in 1884. The president of cameroon since independence, ahmadou ahidjo was replaced in 1982 by the prime minister, paul biya. Advanced level cameroon history since 1800 in searchworks. Presidential, legislative and municipal elections take place regularly by universal suffrage and organized by elections cameroon elecam president elected for 7 years national assembly 180 members of parliament and 5 political parties represented. Biya won the elections in 1983 and 1984 when the country was renamed the republic of cameroon and he has been in power ever since winning the multiparty elections in 1992, 1997, 2004, and 2011.
By early 1916 the british and french are in control of both german colonies. Cameroon to identify policy areas that can help muster all our energy to champion this cause and summon all our strength to ensure growth, as emphatically expressed by president biya in his end of year 20 address. In 1922, the french and british zones became league of nations mandates, with the french controlling over 80 percent of the national territory. From 1884 to 1919, all of presentday cameroon was consolidated and administered as the german colony kamerun, despite the multitude of ethnic groups with their individual histories, cultures, traditions, and governments. Stanford libraries official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. The africans consider the impact of colonization on them to be perhaps the most important factor in understanding the present condition of the african continent and of the african. Fanso, cameroon history for secondary schools and colleges, vol. With his team, georges kern, who has already had a distinguished career in the watch industry, looks forward to carrying on a rich tradition whose roots go all the way back to a small workshop in st. They moved inland and started improving infrastructure relying on forced labor. Both togoland and cameroon are sandwiched between british and french colonies. The earliest inhabitants of cameroon were probably the baka pygmies. The political evolution of cameroon, 18841961 by victor. In 1884, the germans claimed the area and called it kamerun.
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