It utilizes a bundle of tubes through which one of the fluids flows. Shell and tube heat exchangers are commonly used for the transfer of heat in industrial process applications. The most basic and the most common type of heat exchanger construction is the tube and shell, as shown in figure 1. Merits and demerits of tube and plate type heat exchangers. A shell and tube heat exchanger must be designed to heat 2. The basic heat exchanger design equation can be used for a variety of types of heat exchangers, like double pipe heat exchangers or shell and tube heat exchangers. Shell and tube type heat exchangers multitubular heat exchangers feature a shell body and multiple tubes heat transfer tubes. Home hvac heat exchangers explained shell and tube heat exchanger working principle explained. There are two main categories of shell and tube exchanger. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be i. Selection of heat transfer models and fouling coefficients for shell side and tube side.
Pdf design of shell and tube heat exchanger single. As you can see, in a 12 heat exchanger, the tube side fluid flows the entire length of the shell. For that, an experimental study of this phenomenon has been undertaken in site on the cell of heat exchangers e101 cba and e101 fed intended for crude heating before its fractionation, which are exposed to the fouling problem with dimensions tube of heat exchangers. The software called intercam, was developed to be used in undergraduate classes of mechanical and chemical engineering. Most shell and tube heat exchangers have multiple passes to enhance the heat transfer. Troubleshooting shellandtube heat exchangers use these techniques and guidelines to ensure more reliable heat transfer d. The heat exchanger tubes are held in place in a tube bundle, with tube sheets that also serve as baffles.
Crossflow heat exchanger mixedunmixed example book problem 11. For more information regarding piping design check here. We look at some of the major components of the heat exchanger and its working principle. The heat exchanger block is used when two process streams are to exchange heat based on equations 11 14. Different types of shell and tube exchangers can be easily configured by changing the shell and tube arrangement. Performance analysis of shell and tube heat 39 previous good understanding of the underlying principles of exchanger design is needed to use the software effectively. Desublimators kelvion product line brochure desublimators en pdf, 3 mb kelvion factsheet switch condenser en pdf, 155 kb kelvion factsheet pa process en pdf, 593 kb kelvion factsheet mini desublimator en pdf. In this paper, the multiobjective optimization for two case studies of a shell and tube heat exchanger was performed using nsgaii. Exclusively, only the design theory for twofluid exchangers and some associated. In a parallel flow heat exchanger, the two fluid streams hot and cold flow through the heat. The second fluid runs over the tubes that are being heated or cooled so that it can either provide the heat or absorb the heat. Lewin heat exchanger design shell and tube heat exchangers heuristic 55.
This is due to the larger area the plates provide over tubes. These heat transfer devices are engineered to meet to a wide variety of applications. The diagram above shows a shell and tube heat exchanger. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell a large vessel with a bundle of tubes. In addition, we will examine various aspects of heat exchanger design and analysis. No guidance is given on how to generate these equations. A 12 shell and tube heat exchanger is illustrated in figure 5. Cleaning and maintenance is difficult since a tube cooler requires enough clearance at one end to remove the tube nest. Jul 09, 2017 heat exchanger is a device which transfers heat from one medium to another example will remove heat from hot oil by using cold water or air. Flow in a doublepipe heat exchanger can be cocurrent or countercurrent. The shell and tube heat exchanger type is among the most popular heat exchangers used in the industry the shell and tube heat exchanger gets its name from the two major components the shell and the tubes.
The process in solving simulation consists of modeling and meshing the basic geometry of shell and tube heat exchanger using computational fluid dynamics package ansys. In most cases, the determination of ntu requires extensive calculations, which. Pdhonline course m371 2 pdh shell and tube heat exchangers. It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higherpressure applications. These tubes are enclosed in a shell with provisions for the other fluid to flow through the spaces between the tubes. The doublepipe heat exchanger is one of the simplest types of heat exchangers. The exchanger takes one inlet and one outlet for hot fluid stream, and one inlet and one outlet for cold fluid stream. Therefore a plate type heat exchanger, as compared to a similarly sized tube and shell heat exchanger, is capable of transferring much more heat. Design and development of shell and tube heat exchanger. Lewin heat exchanger design shell and tube heat exchangers these movies demonstrate the flow of process fluids in a typical shell and tube heat exchanger setup. One fluid flows through tubes, while another fluid.
An and choi et al developed procedure for the detailed phenomena in shell and tube heat exchangers to predict the heat and mass transfer characteristics of shell and tube heat. Heat transfer theory tells us that the log mean temperature difference is the average temperature difference to use in heat exchanger design equation calculations. Shell and tube heat exchanger consist of bundle of round tubes mounted in cylindrical shell with tubes parallel to shell. Selection of heat exchanger tema layout and number of passes. Performance analysis of shell and tube heat exchanger. Why counter flow heat exchangers are more efficient. Unit operations lab heat exchanger 11 heat exchanger heat exchange is an important unit operation that contributes to efficiency and safety of many processes. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell a large pressure vessel with a bundle of tubes inside it. Tube length is determined by heat transfer required subject to plant layout and pressure drop constraints. All these heat exchangers can be operated in both parallel and. The heat exchanger theory article provides you with information about the fundamentals of a heat exchanger and will be useful for a heat exchanger inspection concept to describe this theory, you may know we need to heat or to cool process fluids in industrial plants to facilitate process reactions. In the current analysis, finite element method such as computational fluid dynamics is applied by considering mechanical and thermal properties of heat exchanger wall and flow fluid to get suitable design. Theory and selection heat exchangers are devices that transfer heat between two luids. In the counter flow setup, the fluids are travelling along the heat exchanger in opposite directions.
The fluid flowing inside the tubes is called the tube side fluid and the fluid flowing on the outside of the tubes. In addition, this will examine various aspects of heat exchanger design and analysis. The example is taken from a pre heat train previously studied by polley et al, 2007. Gulley, gulley computer associates, tulsa, oklahoma. Setting upper and lower design limits on tube length. Theory and application two fluids, of different starting.
Alfa laval heat exchangers 3 thin material for the heat transfer surface. Guidelines for the safe design and operation of shell and. A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger. Shell and tube test problems the problems that have been used to validate some of the capabilities in insted for the analysis of shell and tube heat exchanger are discussed in this chapter. They consist of a shell with traditional plain tubes or enhanced surface tubes for high thermal performance. Due to the high heat transfer efficiency of the plates, plate type heat exchangers are usually very small when compared. In most cases the plate type is the most efficient heat exchanger. Replacement itt shell and tube heat exchangers are available in three materials, copper, brass, and stainless steel. E1mnl032a design and rating of shell and tube heat. An odd number of tube passes is seldom used except the 11 exchanger. Shell and tube heat exchangers can have multiple passes, such as 11, 12, 14, 16, and 18 exchangers, where the first number denotes the number of the shells and the second number denotes the number of passes.
From different types of heat exchangers the shell and tube heat. The heat exchanger theory article provides you with information about the fundamentals of a heat exchanger and will be useful for a heat exchanger inspection concept to describe this theory, you may know we need to heat. The economic viewpoint article in applied thermal engineering 92 september 2015 with 521 reads how we measure reads. Thus, as one of the few producers worldwide, funke offers solutions with optimum thermodynamic designs for different industries and virtually all applications. Tube coolers may be preferred for lubricating oil cooling because of the pressure differential. Due to the high heat transfer efficiency of the plates, plate type heat exchangers are usually very small when compared to a tube and shell type heat exchanger with the same heat transfer capacity.
It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes. Heat transfer efficiency is less compared to plate type cooler. They are designed so as to achieve a large transfer surface area within a small space, with minimal loss of fluid pressure. Heat transfer theory the natural laws of physics always allow the driving energy in a system to. Many shell and tube heat exchangers use cooling water. The shell and tube heat exchanger as one of several types of. The lmtd method assumes that both inlet and outlet temperatures are known. Indirect heat exchangers are available in several main types plate, shelland tube, spiral etc. These heat exchangers are capable of various cooling requirements including oil or.
Heat exchanger theory and the heat exchanger design equation. Fire the boiler as per instructions in the boiler manual. Shell and tube heat exchangers replacement itt heat. Shell and tube heat exchanger types yes yen graphitech. Delivery of heat exchanger operating like it is new. Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most commonly used in the chemical processing industries today. Setting shell side and tube side pressure drop design limits. Our basco type 500 remains the industry standard in ultimate value and longterm reliability. The theory behind the operation of a doublepipe heat exchanger. Design and description of the shell and tube heat exchanger. Cleaning heat exchanger plates with special chemicals. The controlled variable is the tube side outlet temperature, and the.
Shinde and chavan concluded that baffle spacing, and pitch type can play a vital role in enhancing heat transfer. Heat exchanger design to choose a suitable heat exchanger for a certain application requires a level of knowledge and experience. Shell and tube heat exchanger is designed by trial and error calculations. You should consult the original sources of the various test problems in order to assess the accuracy of insted predictions in more detail. The optimum thermal design of a shell and tube heat exchanger involves the. Abd and naji studied design of shell and tube heat exchanger in details and tested the effect of shell diameter on overall heat transfer coefficient by using different bundle diameters. It possesses large surface areas for heat transfer and is capable of operating at high temperatures and pressures. The approximate dimensions as well as positions of inlets and outlets are shown in fig. On the diagram above the cold fluid, highlighted in blue, is travelling right to left where as the warm fluid, shown in red and amber, travels left to right. Temperature control of shell and tube heat exchanger by using. When this is not the case, the solution to a heat exchanger problem becomes somewhat tedious.
Basically, a heat exchanger does the function of either cooling or heating a fluid depending on the requirement. A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy enthalpy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different temperatures and in thermal contact1. The shell and tube heat exchanger another part of this experiment involves measurements using a commercially available shell and tube heat exchanger. Shell and tube heat exchanger shell and tube heat exchangers consist of series of tubes. The heat transfer rate of shell and tube type heat transfer. In the design analysis, performance charts and tables describing the performance of the shell and tube. Shell and tube heat exchangers page 4 of 30 mnl 032a issued 29 august 08, prepared by j.
Pdf shell and tube heat exchangers using cooling water. Technical catalogue section 5 shell and tube models. Shell and tube heat exchanger design security and download notice download. Shell and tube heat exchangers are widely used and very popular in the process industry, due to their versatility. Production and supply of every type of nut and pin. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell. Heat exchangers types, theory and basics training youtube. A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs. Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat between two sources. Compared to shellandtube exchangers, compact heat exchangers are. They are available in a variety of diameters and lengths. The basic component of a heat exchanger can be viewed as a tube with one fluid running. The pareto fronts for minimizing both the heat transfer area and pumping power of the shell and tube heat exchanger were obtained for both case studies and ranked using a simple cost function. Definition a heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between one or more fluids.
Heat exchangers plate, tubular, shell and tube thermaline. Shell and tube heat exchanger october 7, 20xx cycle 2 group 1x me you her him use subtle, pleasing background. Shell and tube heat exchangers are one of the most popular types of exchanger due to the flexibility the designer has to allow for a wide range of pressures and temperatures. The basic layout for a countercurrent shell and tube heat exchanger together with the associated heat. Chapter 5 heat exchangers faculty of engineering and. Here is an example of a 12 1 shell pass and 2 tube passes heat exchanger. In this chapter we will examine the basic theory of heat exchangers and consider many applications. Fast and detailed cleaning of heat exchanger plates. The tube side fluid will typically have one pass, two passes, or four passes through the heat exchanger before exiting. Shell and tube heat exchanger a shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger. Therein, popular analytical techniques such as log mean temperature difference lmtd and effectivenessnumber of. Pdf this paper provides the solution to the problem of defining thermal efficiency for heat exchangers based on the second law of thermodynamics. Extension to other exchanger types requires new equations. There are a number of design criteriaprinciples, peculiar to the use of cooling water, which should be considered if the best design is to be obtained for.
The exchangers exhibit more than 65% of the market share with a variety of design experiences of about 100 years. The main steps of design following the kern method are summarized as follows. Other articles where shellandtube heat exchanger is discussed. The exchange can take place between a process stream and a utility stream cold water, pressurized steam, etc, a process stream and a power source electric heat, or between two. This proven fixed tubesheet shell and tube heat exchanger.
Specification of tube parameters size, layout, pitch and material. Jul 24, 2018 this 3d animated video explains how a shell and tube heat exchanger works. One set of these tubes contains the fluid that must be either heated or cooled. Design of shellandtube heat exchangers using multiobjective. In this present work, a shell and tube heat exchanger with a 1shell, 1tube pass and. The information presented here along with the books referenced here is certainly a good start. When designing or choosing a heat exchanger there is no single correct solution. Shell and tube heat exchanger u tube style the thrush heat exchanger has been carefully assembled and factory tested to provide years of troublefree service. The theory behind heat transfer plate heat exchangers. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell a large vessel with a bundle of tubes inside it. In order to assure the service intended, the following information is provided to enable proper installation, operation and maintenance of the thrush heat exchanger. Design and development of shell and tube heat exchanger for. The u tube heat exchangers are designed for a wide range of liquid to liquid and steam to liquid applications. Common types of shell and tube heat exchangers are the u tube heat exchanger and the straight tube heat exchanger.
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